voice from heaven

देव a. (

-वी f.) [दिव्-अच्]

1 Divine, celestial; Bg.11. 11; Ms.12.117.

-2 Shining; यज्ञस्य देवमृत्विजम् Rv.1.1.1.

-3 Fit to be worshipped or honoured.

-वः 1 A god, deity; एको देवः केशवो वा शिवो वा Bh.3.12.

-2 (a) The god of rain, an epithet of Indra; as in द्वादश वर्षाणि देवो न ववर्ष; अवर्षयद्देवः Rām.1.9.18; काले च देशे च प्रववर्ष देवः Bu. Ch.2.7. (b) A cloud.

-3 A divine man, Brāhmaṇa, as in भूदेव.

-4 A king, ruler, as in मनुष्यदेव; तां देवसमितिं (अभ्या- गच्छत्) Mb.3.13.22.

-5 A title affixed to the names of Bārhmaṇas; as in गोविन्ददेव, पुरुषोत्तमदेव &c.

-6 (In dramas) A title of honour used in addressing a king, ('My lord', 'Your majesty'); ततश्च देव Ve.4; यथाज्ञापयति देवः &c.

-7 Quicksilver.

-8 The Supreme Spirit; हित्वा च देहं प्रविशन्ति देवं दिवौकसो द्यामिव पार्थ सांख्याः Mb.12.31.112.

-9 A fool

-1 A child.

-11 A man following any particular business.

-12 A lover.

-13 Emulation.

-14 Sport, play.

-15 A husband's brother (cf. देवृ, देवर).

-16 A lancer.

-वम् An organ of sense; देवानां प्रभवो देवो मनसश्च त्रिलोककृत् Mb.14.41.3. [cf. L. deus; Gr. deos.].

-Comp. -अंशः a partial incarnation of god.

-अगारः, -रम् a temple.

-अङ्गना a celestial damsel, an apsaras.

-अतिदेवः, -अधिदेवः 1 the highest god.

-2 an epithet of (1) Śiva. (2) Buddha. (3) Viṣṇu. देवातिदेवो भगवान् प्रसूतिरंशे हरिर्यस्य जगत्प्रणेता Hariv.

-अधिपः 1 an epithet of Indra.

-2 the supreme god.

-अनीकम् an army of celestials.

-अनुचरः, -अनुयायिन् m. an attendant or follower of a god; निशम्य देवानुचरस्य वाचं मनुष्यदेवः पुनरप्युवाच R.2.52.

-अन्धस् n.,

अन्नम् 1 the food of gods, divine food, ambrosia.

-2 food that has been first offered to an idol; see Ms.5.7 and Kull. thereon.

-अभीष्ट a.

1 liked by or dear to gods.

-2 sacred or dedicated to a deity. (

-ष्टा) piper betel.

-अरण्यम् the garden of gods, the Nandana gar- den; अलमुद्द्योतयामासुर्देवारण्यमिवर्तवः R.1.8.

-अरिः a demon.

-अर्चनम्, -ना 1 the worship of gods.

-2 idolatry.

-अर्पणम् 1 an offering to the god.

-2 the Veda; पृथग्- भूतानि चान्यानि यानि देवार्पणानि च Mb.13.86.17 (see com.).

-आवसथः a temple.

-अश्वः an epithet of उच्चैःश्रवस्, the horse of Indra.

-आक्रीडः 'the garden of the gods', Nandana garden.

-आजीवः, -आजीविन् m. an attendant upon an idol.

-2 a low Brāhmaṇa subsisting by attendance upon an idol and upon the offerings made to it.

-आत्मन् a.

1 consecrated, holy, sacred.

-2 of a divine nature. (-m.)

1 the divine soul; ते ध्यानयोगानुगता$ पश्यन् देवात्मशक्तिं स्वगुणैर्निगूढाम् Śvet. Up.1.3.

-2 the holy fig-tree.

-आयतनम् a temple; Ms.4.46; न देवा- यतनं गच्छेत् कदाचिद् वा$प्रदक्षिणम् । न पीडयेद् वा वस्त्राणि न देवा- यतनेष्वपि ॥ Kūrma P.

-आयुधम् 1 a divine weapon.

-2 rainbow.

-आयुष्म् the life-time of a god.

-आलयः 1 heaven.

-2 a temple.

-आवासः 1 heaven.

-2 the holy fig-tree (अश्वत्थ).

-3 a temple.

-4 the Sumeru mountain.

-आहारः nectar, ambrosia.

-इज् a. (nom. sing. देवेट्-ड्) worshipping the gods.

-इज्यः an epithet of Bṛihaspati, preceptor of the gods.

-इज्जः 1 an epithet of Indra.

-2 of Śiva.

-इष्ट a. dear to gods. (

-ष्टः) bdellium. (

-ष्टा) the wild lime tree.

-ईशः an epithet of (1) Indra. (2) Śiva. (3) Viṣṇu. (4) Brahman. (

-शी) N. of Durgā also of Devakī mother of Kṛiṣṇa.

-ईश्वरः N. of (1) Śiva. (2) Indra.

-उद्यानम् 1 divine garden.

-2 The Nandana garden.

-3 a garden near a temple.

-ऋषिः (देवर्षिः)

1 a deified saint, divine sage such as अत्रि, भृगु, पुलस्त्य, अङ्गिरस् &c.; एवंवादिनि देवर्षौ Ku.6.84 (i. e. अङ्गिरस्); अथ देवऋषी राजन् संपरेतं नृपात्मजम् Bhāg.; आब्रह्मभुवनाल्लोका देवर्षिपितृमानवाः । तृप्यन्तु पितरः सर्वे मातृमातामहा- दयाः Tarpaṇamantra.

-2 an epithet of Narada; देवर्षीणां च नारदः Bg.1.13.26.

-ओकस् n. the mountain Meru or Sumeru.

-कन्या a celestial damsel, a nymph; also देवकन्यका.

-कर्दमाः sandal, aloe wood, camphor, saffron pounded together and made into a paste.

-कर्मन् n.,

-कार्यम् 1 a religious act or rite, divine command; अनुष्ठितदेवकार्यम् R.12.13.

-2 the worship of gods.

-काष्ठम् the Devadāru tree.

-किरी N. of a Rāgiṇī; ललिता मालती गौरी नाटी देवकिरी तथा । मेघरागस्य रागिण्यो भवन्तीमाः सुमध्यमाः ॥

-कुटम् a temple.

-कुण़्डम् a natural spring.

-कुलम् 1 a temple.

-2 a race of gods.

-3 a group of gods.

-कुल्या the celestial Ganges.

-कुसुमम् cloves; एलां च देवकुसुमं त्वक्पत्रं देवदारु च Śiva. B.3.14.

-खातम्, -खातकम् 1 a natural hollow among moun- tains.

-2 a natural pond or reservoir; Ms.4.23.

-3 a pond near a temple. ˚बिल a cavern, chasm.

-गणः a class of gods.

-गणिका an apsaras; q. v.

-गतिः the path of देवलोक; अनुज्ञातश्च रामेण ययौ देवगतिं मुनिः A. Rām. 2.1.4.

-गन्धर्वः an epithet of Nārada. (

-र्वम्) a particular mode of singing.

-गर्जनम् thunder.

-गर्भः see हिरण्यगर्भ; Rām.2.4.23.

-गायनः a celestial choris- ter, a Gandharva.

-गान्धारी N. of a Rāgiṇī गान्धारी देवगान्धारी मालवी श्रीश्च सारवी । रामकीर्यपि रागिण्यः श्रीरागस्य प्रिया इमाः ॥

-गिरिः 1 N. of a mountain; cf. Me.44.

-2 N. of a town (Daulatabad).

-गिरी f. N. of a Rāgiṇī.

-गुरुः 1 an epithet of Kaśyapa (the father of gods).

-2 of Bṛihaspati (the preceptor of gods).

-गुही an epithet of Sarasvatī or of a place situated on it.

-गुह्यम् 1 a secret only known by gods.

-2 death.

-गृहम् 1 a temple.

-2 the place of a king.

-3 a planetary sphere.

-ग्रहः a class of demons who causes harmless madness.

-चरितम् the course of action or practices of the gods; न देवचरितं चरेत्.

-चर्या the worship or service of gods.

-चिकित्सकौ (du.) Aśvins, the twin physicians of gods.

-छन्दः a pearl-necklace having 81, 1 or 18 strings; शतमष्टयुतं हारो देवच्छन्दो ह्यशीतिरेकयुता Bṛi. S.81.32.

-जनः the gods collectively. ˚विद्या the science of music, dance, other arts &c.; Ch. Up.7.1.2.

-जातम् a class of gods.

-जामिः f. a sister of the gods; देवजामीनां पुत्रो$सि Av. 6.46.1.

-तरुः 1 the holy fig-tree.

-2 one of the trees of paradise. (i. e. मन्दार, पारिजात, सन्तान, कल्प and हरि- चन्दन); पञ्चैते देवतरवो मन्दारः पारिजातकः । सन्तानः कल्पवृक्षश्च पुंसि वा हरिचन्दनम् ॥ Ak.

-3 the tree in a village (चैत्यवृक्ष) where the villagers usually meet (Mar. पार).

-तर्पणम् offerings of water, part of the सन्ध्या ceremony.

-ताडः 1 fire.

-2 an epithet of Rāhu.

-तातः 1 a sacrifice.

-2 N. of Kaśyapa.

-तातिः 1 a god.

-2 divine service; स नो यक्षद् देवताता यजीयान् Rv.3.19.1.

-तीर्थम् 1 the right moment for the worship of gods.

-2 the tips of the fingers sacred to gods.

-दत्त a.

1 god-given, grant- ed by the gods.

-2 given to the gods (as a village, &c.).

(-त्तः) 1 N. of the conch-shell of Arjuna; देवदत्तं धनञ्जयः (दध्मौ) Bg.1.15.

-2 a certain person (used in speaking of men indefinitely); मुक्तस्ततो यदि बन्धाद्देवदत्त उपाच्छिनत्ति Bhāg.5.14.24; देवदत्तः पचति, पिनो देवदत्तो दिवा न भुङ्क्ते &c.

-3 one of the vital airs exhaled in yawning; देवदत्तो विजृम्भणे. ˚अग्रजः N. of Buddha.

-दर्शन a. visiting the gods. (

-नः) N. of Nārada; यथा प्राह नारदो देवदर्शनः Bhāg.2.8.1.

-दारु m., n. a species of pine; गङ्गाप्रवाहोक्षित- देवदारु Ku.1.54; R.2.36.

-दासः a servant or attendant upon a temple.

(-सी) 1 a female in the service of gods or a temple.

-2 a courtezan (employed as a dancer in a temple).

-3 the wild citron tree.

-दीपः the eye.

-दुन्दुभिः 1 divine drum; देवदुन्दुभिनिर्घोषो पुष्पवृष्टिश्च खात् पतन् Rām.

-2 the holy basil with red flowers.

-3 an epi- thet of Indra.

-दूतः a divine envoy or messenger, an angel.

-देवः 1 an epithet of Brahman; Rām.1.43.1.

-2 of Śiva; अयाचितारं न हि देवदेवमद्रिः सुतां ग्राहयितुं शशाक Ku.1.52.

-3 of Viṣṇu; Bg.1.15.

-4 of Gaṇeśa; दृष्टप्रभावो वरदो देवदेवो विनायकः Ks.2.55.

-दैवत्य a. destined for the god; Ms.2.189.

-द्रोणी a procession with idols.

-धर्मः a religious duty or office.

-धानी the city of Indra; तां देवधानीं स वरुथिनीपतिर्बहिः समन्ताद्रुरुधे पृतन्यया Bhāg. 8.15.23.

-धान्यम् a kind of grass-grain (Mar. देवभात).

-धिष्ण्यम् a chariot of the gods (विमान); Bhāg.1. 82.7.

-नक्षत्रम् N. of the first 14 नक्षत्रs in the southern quarter (opp. to यमनक्षत्रम्).

-नदी 1 the Ganges.

-2 any holy river; Ms.2.17.

-नन्दिन् m. N. of the door- keeper of Indra.

-2 N. of a grammarian.

-नागरी N. of the character in which Sanskrit is usually written.

-नाथः Śiva.

-निकायः 1 'residence of gods', paradise, heaven; तं तुष्टुवुर्देवनिकायकेतवः Bhāg.1.27.25.

-2 a host or assembly of gods; Ms.1.36.

-निन्दकः a blasphe- mer, unbeliever, heretic, atheist.

-निन्दा heresy, athe- ism.

-निर्माल्यम् 1 a garland remaining from a sacrifice.

-निर्मित a. 'god-created', natural.

-पतिः an epithet of Indra.

-पादाः 'the royal feet or presence', an honorific term for a king; देवपादाः प्रमाणम्.

-पथः 1 'heavenly passage', heaven, firmament दिव्यो देवपथो ह्येष नात्र गच्छन्ति मानुषाः Mb.

-2 the milky way.

-पशुः any animal con- secrated to a deity.

-पात्रम् an epithet of Agni.

-पुर्, -पुरी f. an epithet of Amarāvatī, the city of Indra.

-पुरोहितः 1 a domestic priest of the gods.

-2 the planet Jupiter (बृहस्पति).

-पुष्पम् cloves.

-पूज्यः an epithet of Bṛihaspati.

-प्रतिकृतिः f.,

-प्रतिमा an idol, the image of a deity.

-प्रश्नः 'consulting deities', astrology, for- tune-telling.

-प्रसूत a. good-produced (water); Av.6. 1.2.

-प्रियः 'dear to the gods', an epithet of Śiva; (देवानांप्रियः an irreg. comp. meaning-

1 a goat.

-2 a fool, idiot like a brute breast, as in ते$प्यतात्पर्यज्ञा देवानांप्रियाः K. P.

-3 an ascetic, who renounces the world).

-बलिः an oblation to the gods.

-बाहुः 1 N. of a king in the Yadu race.

-2 N. of a sage; देवबाहुः शतधनुः कृतवर्मेति तत्सुताः Bhāg.

-ब्रह्मन् m. an epithet of Nārada.

-ब्राह्मणः 1 a Brāhmaṇa who lives on the proceeds of a temple.

-2 a venerable Brāhmaṇa.

-भक्तिः worship or service of the gods.

-भवनम् 1 the heaven.

-2> a temple.

-3 the holy fig-tree.

-भागः the northern hemisphere.

-भ m. a god; (-f.) heaven.

-भूमिः f. heaven; पितुः प्रदेशा- स्तव देवभूमयः Ku.5.45.

-भूतिः f. an epithet of the Ganges.

-भूयम् divinity, godhead; विदितमेव भवतां...... परां निर्वृतिमुपेत्य देवभूयं गताः सर्वे न पूर्वपुरुषा इति Rām. Champū.

-भृत् m. an epithet of

1 Viṣṇu.

-2 of Indra.

-भोगः Pleasure of the gods, heavenly joy; अन्नन्ति दिव्यान् दिवि देवभोगान् Bg.9.2.

-भोज्यम् nectar.

-मणिः 1 the jewel of Viṣṇu called कौस्तुभ.

-2 the sun.

-3 a curl of hair on a horse's neck; आवर्तिनः शुभफल- प्रदशुक्तियुक्ताः संपन्नदेवमणयो भृतरन्ध्रभागाः (अश्वाः) Śi.5.4; N.1.58.

-मधु n. divine honey; असौ वा आदित्यो देवमधु Ch. Up.3.1.1.

-मातृ f. N. of Aditi, mother of gods.

-मातृक a. 'having the god of rain or clouds as foster-mother', watered only by the clouds, depending on rain-water and not on irrigation, deprived of every other kind of water (as a country); देशो नद्यम्बुवृष्ट्यम्बु- संपन्नव्रीहिपालितः । स्यान्नदीमातृको देवमातृकश्च यथाक्रमम् ॥ Ak.; cf. also वितन्वति क्षेममदेवमातृकाः (i. e. नदीमातृकाः) चिराय तस्मिन् कुरवश्चकासते Ki.1. 17.

-मानकः the jewel of Viṣṇu called कौस्तुभ.

-माया the Māyā of gods; ते दुस्तराम- तितरन्ति च देवमायाम् Bhāg.

-मार्गः the air or sky.

-मासः the eighth month of pregnancy.

-मुनिः a divine sage.

-यजनम् 1 a sacrificial place, a place where a sacrifice is performed; ततस्ते देवयजनं ब्राह्मणाः स्वर्णलाङ्गलैः (कृष्ट्वा) Bhāg.1.74.12. देवयजनसंभवे सीते U.4.

-2 a place of worship; मण्डलं देवयजनं दीक्षासंस्कार आत्मनः Bhāg.12.11.17.

-यजि a. making oblations to gods.

-यज्ञः a sacrifice to the superior gods made by oblations to fire, or through fire to the gods; (one of the five daily sacri- fices of a Brāhmaṇa; see Ms.3.81,85 and पञ्चयज्ञ also).

-यज्यम्, -यज्या a sacrifice.

-यात्रा 'an idol- procession,' any sacred festival when the idols are carried in procession; केनापि देवयात्रागतेन सिद्धादेशेन साधुना मत्समक्षमादिष्टा M.5.12-13.

-यान bestowing मोक्ष; यज्ञस्य देवयानस्य मेध्याय हविषे नृप Bhāg.8.8.2.

-नः the path leading to मोक्ष; सत्येन पन्था विततो देवयानः Muṇḍ.3.1.6.

-यानम् a celestial car.

-युगम् 1 the first of the four ages of the world; also called कृतयुग, सनत्कुमारो भगवान् पुरा देवयुगे प्रभुः Rām.1.11.11.

-2 an age of the gods comprising four ages of men.

-योनिः 1 a super- human being, a demigod; विद्याधरो$प्सरोयक्षरक्षोगन्धर्वकिन्नराः । पिशाचो गुह्यकः सिद्धो भूतो$मी देवयोनयः ॥ Ak.

-2 a being of divine origin.

-3 fuel used in kindling fire (f. also).

-योषा an apsaras.

-रथः a car for carrying the image of god in procession.

-थम् a day's journey for the sun's chariot.

-रहस्यम् a divine mystery.

-राज्, -राजः 1 an epithet of Indra; Rām.7.6.6.

-2 a king.

-3 N. of Buddha.

-रातः 1 an epithet of Parīkṣit.

-2 a kind of swan or crane.

-राष्ट्रम् N. of an empire in the Deccan.

-लक्ष्मम् the Brāhmanical cord.

-लता the Navamallikā or double jasmine plant.

-लिङ्गम् the image or statue of a deity; Bhāg.3.17.13.

-लोकः heaven, paradise; देवलोकस्य चर्त्विजः (प्रभुः) Ms.4.182.

-वक्त्रम् an epithet of fire.

-वर्त्मन् n. the sky or atmosphere.

-वर्धकिः, -शिल्पिन् m. Viśvakarman, the architect of gods.

-वाणी 'divine voice', a voice from heaven.

-वाहनः an epithet of Agni.

-विद्या 1 divine science; Ch. Up.7.1.2.

-2 the science of Nirukta or etymology; ibid.

-विभागः the northern hemisphere.

-विश् f.,

-विशा a deity.

-वीतिः food of the gods.

-वृक्षः the Mandāra tree.

-व्यचस् a. Ved. occupied by the gods.

-व्रतम् 1 a religious observance, any religious vow.

-2 the favourite food of the gods. (

-तः) an epithet of

1 Bhīṣma; ततो विनशनं प्रागाद्यत्र देवव्रतो$पतत् Bhāg.1.9.1.

-2 Kārtikeya.

-व्रतत्वम् celibacy (ब्रह्मचारिव्रत); देवव्रतत्वं विज्ञाप्य Mb.5.172.19.

-शत्रुः a demon; स देवशत्रूनिव देवराजः Mb.

-शुनी an epithet of Saramā, the bitch of the gods.

-शेखर the damanaka tree (Mar. दवणा).

-शेषम् the remnants of a sacrifice offered to gods.

-श्रीः m. a sacrifice. (f.) Lakṣmī.

-श्रुतः an epithet of

1 Viṣṇu.

-2 Nārada.

-3 a sacred treatise.

-4 a god in general.

-संसद् f. देवसभा q. v.

-सत्यम् divine truth, established order of the gods.

-संध a. divine.

-सभा 1 an assembly of the gods (सुधर्मन्).

-2 a council of a king, council-chamber.

-3 a gambling-house.

-सभ्यः 1 a gambler.

-2 a fre- quenter of gaming-houses.

-3 an attendant on a deity.

-4 the keeper of a gambling-house.

-सहा 1 rules of begging alms (? भिक्षासूत्र); L. D. B.

-2 N. of a plant.

-सायुज्यम् identification or unification with a deity, conjunction with the gods, deification.

-सिंह an epithet of Śiva.

-सुषिः a tube or cavity (in the heart) leading to the gods; cf. उदान, तस्य ह वा एतस्य हृदयस्य पञ्च देवसुषयः Ch. Up.3.13.1.

-सू N. of 8 deities (अग्नि, सोम, सवितृ, रुद्र, बृहस्पति, इन्द्र, मित्र and वरुण).

-सृष्टा an intoxicating drink.

-सेना 1 the army of gods.

-2 N. of the wife of Skanda; स्कन्देन साक्षादिव देवसेनाम् R.7.1. (Malli.:-- देवसेना = स्कन्दपत्नी perhaps it merely means 'the army of the gods' personified as Skanda's wife). ˚पतिः, ˚प्रियः an epithet of Kārtikeya.

-स्वम् 'property of gods', property applicable to religious purposes or endowments; यद्धनं यज्ञशीलानां देवस्वं तद्विदु- र्बुधाः Ms.11.2,26. ˚अपहरणम् sacrilege.

-सावर्णिः the 13th Manu; मनुस्त्रयोदशो भाव्यो देवसावर्णिरात्मवान् Bhāg. 8.13.3.

-हविस् n. an animal offered to gods at a sacrifice.

-हिंसकः an enemy of gods.

-हूः the left ear; Bhāg.4.25.51.

-हूतिः f.

1 invocation of the gods.

-2 N. of a daughter of Manu Svāyambhuva and wife of Kardama.

-हेडनम् an offence against the gods.

-हेतिः a divine weapon.

दैव a. (

-वी f.) [देवादागतः अण्]

1 Relating to gods, caused by or coming from gods, divine, celestial; संस्कृतं नाम दैवी वागन्वाख्याता महर्षिभिः Kāv.1.33; दैवीनां मानुषीणां च प्रतिहर्ता त्वमापदाम् R.1.6; Y.2.235; Bg.4.25; 9.13;16.3; Ms.3.75.

-2 Royal; दैवी वाग्यस्य नाभवत् Rāj. T.5.26.

-3 Depending on fate, fatal.

-4 Possessing the quality of सत्त्व.

-वः 1 (i. e. विवाहः) One of the eight forms of marriage, that in which the daughter is given away at a sacrifice to the offi- ciating priest; यज्ञस्य ऋत्विजे दैवः Y.1.59 (for the eight forms of marriage see उद्वाह or Ms.3.21).

-2 A worshipper of god (देवभक्त); दैवान् सर्वे गुणवन्तो भवन्ति Mb. 12.158.35.

-वम् 1 Fate, destiny, luck, fortune; पूर्वजन्म- कृतं कर्म तद्दैवमिति कथ्यते H. दैवमविद्वांसः प्रमाणयन्ति Mu.3; विना पुरुषकारेण दैवमत्र न सिध्यति 'God helps those who help themselves'; दैवं निहत्य कुरु पौरुषमात्मशक्त्या Pt.1.361. (दैवात् by chance, luckily, accidentally.)

-2 A god, deity.

-3 A religious rite or offering, an oblation to gods; उत्तिष्ठ नरशार्दूल कर्तव्यं दैवमाह्निकम् Rām.1.23.2.

-4 A kind of Śrāddha ceremony.

-5 Parts of the hands sacred to the gods, i. e. the tips of the fingers; cf. Ms.2.59.

-6 Royal duties; न तु केवलदैवेन प्रजाभावेन रेमिरे Mb.1.222.1.

-7 A science phenomena, unusuals (उत्पातs); Ch. Up. 7.1.2.

-वी 1 A woman married according to the form of marriage called daiva q. v. above.

-2 a. Divine, super-human; दैवी संपद्विमोक्षाय निबन्धायासुरी मता Bg.16.5.

-3 A division of medicine (the medical use of charms, prayers &c.).

-Comp. -अत्ययः evil resulting from un- usual natural phenomena.

-अधीन, -आयत्त a. depen- dent on fate; दैवायत्तं कुले जन्म मदायत्तं तु पौरुषम् Ve.3.33.

-अहोरात्रः a day of the gods i. e. the human year.

-इज्य a. sacred to Jupiter (गुरु), -topaz.

- उपहत a. ill- fated, unfortunate; दैवेनोपहतस्य बुद्धिरथवा सर्वा विपर्यस्यति Mu.6.8.

-ऊढा a woman married according to the Daiva ritual. ˚ज the son of such a woman; दैवोढाजः सुतश्चैव सप्त सप्त परावरान् Ms.3.38.

-कर्मन् n. offering, oblations to gods.

-कृत a.

1 fated.

-2 natural.

-कोविद्, -चिन्तकः, -ज्ञः an astrologer, a fortune-teller, पुरोहित प्रकुर्वीत दैवज्ञमुदितोदितम् Y.1.313; Kām.9,25.

-गतिः f. turn or course of fate; मुक्ताजालं चिरपरिचितं त्याजितो दैवगत्या Me.96.; Pt.3.174.

-चिन्ता fatalism; astrology.

-ज्ञ a. knowing fate or men's destinies.

-तन्त्र a. dependent on fate.

-दत्त a. innate, natural.

-दीपः the eye.

-दुर्विपाकः hardness of fortune, adverseness or unpropitiousness of fate, an evil turn of fate; U.1.4.

-दोषः badness of fate.

-पर a.

1 trusting to fate, fatalist.

-2 fated. predestined.

-प्रश्नः 1 fortune-telling, astrology.

-2 a voice from heaven. नक्तं निर्गत्य यत्किञ्चिच्छुभाशुभकरं वचः । श्रूयते तद्विदुर्धीरा दैवप्रश्नमुपश्रुतिम् ॥

-युगम् 'a Yuga of the gods' said to consist of 12 divine years, but see Kull. on एतद् द्वादशसाहस्रं देवानां युगमुच्यते Ms.1.71.

-योगः a lucky coincidence, fortuitous combination, fortune, chance. (दैवयोगेन, दैवयोगात् fortunately, accidentally.)

-रक्षित a. guarded by the gods; अरक्षितं तिष्ठति दैवरक्षितम् Subhāṣ.

-लेखकः a fortune-teller, an astrologer.

-वशः, -शम् the power of destiny, subjection to fate.

-वाणी 1 a voice from heaven.

-2 the Sanskrit language; cf. Kāv.1.33. quoted above.

-विद् m. an astrologer.

-सभेयम् a variety of sandal-wood red and smelling like a lotus-flower; Kau. A.2.11.

-हत a. ill-fated; सुरक्षितं दैवहतं विनश्यति Subhāṣ.

-हीन a. ill-fated, unfortu- nate, unlucky.

iz.

1. formala.

a. ( ahotsa) voice; basamortuan oihuka dabilenaren \mintzoa naiz I am the voice crying in the wilderness; kontzientziako \mintzo voice of conscience; zerutik \mintzo bat aditu nuen I heard a voice from heaven; \mintzo ozena eta sarkorra zuen she had a loud and piercing voice

b. ( mintzamena) speech; \mintzoa galdu zaio he's lost his voice

c. [ izenen aurrean ] \mintzo debeku stuttering

a. Lit. ( elea, hizkuntza) speech, tongue, language; niretzat ederrena \mintzoetan euskara da for me the most beautiful tongue of all is Basque

b. ( mintzaira, doinua) speech, accent; \mintzotik ageri da ez zarela hemengoa from your speech it's clear your not from around here

3. ( solasa) conversation, talk; \mintzo gaiztoak malicious gossip

φάτις

voice from heaven: fem voc sg

φάτῑ, φάτις

voice from heaven: fem dat sg (epic doric ionic aeolic)

φᾱτι, φημί

Spir. Prooem.

pres ind act 3rd sg (doric)

φάτῑς, φάτις

voice from heaven: fem acc pl (epic doric ionic aeolic)

φάτις

voice from heaven: fem nom sg

1) высок. (с небес, от Бога) from above, from heaven

2) ( от вышестоящих лиц) from above, from those higher up

1) ( более) over, more than

2) (вне, сверх, за пределами) beyond

चित्र a. [चित्र्-भावे अच्; चि-ष्ट्रन् वा Uṇ.4.163]

1 Bright, clear.

-2 Variegated, spotted, diversified.

-3 amusing, interesting, agreeable; Māl.1.4.

-4 Various, different, manifold; Pt.1.136; Ms.9.248; Y.1.288.

-5 Surprising, wonderful, strange; किमत्र चित्रम् R.5.33; Ś.2.15.

-6 Perceptible, visible.

-7 Conspicuous, excellent, distinguished; न यद्वचश्चित्रपदं हरेर्यशो जगत्पवित्रं प्रगृणीत कर्हिचित् Bhāg.1.5.1.

-8 Rough, agitated (as the sea, opp सम).

-9 Clear, loud, perceptible (as a sound).

-त्रः 1 The variegated colour.

-2 A form of Yama.

-3 The Aśoka tree.

-4 = चित्रगुप्त q. v. below.

-त्रम् 1 A picture, painting, delineation चित्रे निवेश्य परिकल्पितसत्त्वयोगा Ś.2.9; पुनरपि चित्रीकृता कान्ता Ś.6.2,13,21 &c.

-2 A brilliant ornament or ornament.

-3 An extraordinary appearance, wonder.

-4 A sectarial mark on the fore- head.

-5 Heaven, sky.

-6 A spot.

-7 The white or spotted leprosy.

-8 (In Rhet.) The last of the three main divisions of Kāvya (poetry). (It is of two kinds शब्दचित्र and अर्थ-वाच्य-चित्र, and the poetical charm lies mainly in the use of figures of speech dependent on the sound and sense of words. Mammaṭa thus defines it:-- शब्दचित्रं वाज्यचित्रमव्यङ्ग्यं त्ववरं स्मृतम् K. P.1. As an instance of शब्दचित्र may be cited the following verse from R. G. मित्रात्रिपुत्रनेत्राय त्रयीशात्रवशत्रवे । गोत्रारिगोत्रजैत्राय गोत्रात्रे ते नमो नमः ॥

-9 Anything bright which strikes the eye.

-1 Playing upon words, punning, using conundrums, riddles &c.

-11 A lotus....... मङ्गले तिलके हेम्नि व्योम्नि पद्मे नपुंसकम् । Nm.

-त्रम् ind. Oh !, how strange !, what a wonder ! चित्रं बधिरो नाम व्याकरणमध्येष्यते Sk.

-Comp. -अक्षी, -नेत्रा, -लोचना a kind of bird com- monly called Sārikā.

-अङ्ग a. striped, having a spot- ted body.

(-ङ्गः) 1 a kind of snake.

-2 N. of Arjuna.

(-ङ्गम्) 1 vermilion.

-2 yellow orpiment.

-अङ्गद a. decked with brilliant bracelets. (

-दा) N. of a wife of Arjuna and mother of Babhruvāhana.

-अङ्गदसूः f. an epithet of Satyavatī, mother of Vyāsa.

-अन्नम् rice dressed with coloured condiments; Y.1.34.

-अपूपः a kind of cake.

-अर्पित a. committed to a picture, painted. ˚आरम्भ a. painted; चित्रार्पितारम्भ इवावतस्थे R.2.31; Ku.3.42.

-आकृतिः f. a painted resemblance, portrait.

-आयसम् steel.

-आरम्भः a painted scene, outline of a picture; V.1.4. v. l.

-उक्तिः f.

1 agreeable or frequent discourse; जयन्ति ते पञ्चममित्रचित्रोक्तिसंदर्भविभूषणेषु Vikr.1.

-2 a voice from heaven.

-3 a surprising tale.

-ओदनः boiled rice coloured with turmeric &c.

-कण्ठः pigeon.

-कथालापः telling agreeable or charming stories.

-कम्बलः 1 painted cloth used as an elephant's housing

-2 a variegated carpet.

- कर 1 a painter.

-2 an actor.

-कर्मन् n.

1 an extraordinary act; धीर्न चित्रीयते कस्माद- भित्तौ चित्रकर्मणा Ks.6.5.

-2 ornamenting, decorating.

-3 a picture; Mu.2.4.

-4 magic. (-m.)

1 a magi- cian, one who works wonders.

-2 a painter. ˚विद् m.

1 a painter.

-2 a magician.

-कायः 1 a tiger in general.

-2 a leopard or panther.

-कारः 1 a painter.

-2 N. of a mixed tribe; (स्थपतेरपि गान्धिक्यां चित्रकारो व्यजायत Parāśara).

-कूटः N. of a hill and district near Pra- yāga; दृप्तः कुकुद्मानिव चित्रकूटः R.12;15;13.47, U.1.

-कृत् a. astonishing, surprising. (-m.) a painter.

-कोलः a kind of lizard.

-क्रिया, -कृत्यम् painting; आहूय स्वसुता- वासे चित्रकृत्ये न्ययुङ्क्त माम् Ks.71.82.

-क्षत्र a. Ved. having manifold power, or one whose wealth is visible; चित्रक्षत्र चित्रतमं वयोधाम् Rv.6.6.7.

-ग, -गत a.

1 painted, drawn in a picture; संपूर्णलक्षणा देवी प्रतिभाति स्म चित्रगा Ks.5.31.

-2 coloured, variegated.

-गन्धम् yellow orpiment.

-गुप्तः one of the beings in Yama's world recording the vices and virtues of mankind; नामान्येषां लिखामि ध्रुवमहम- धुना चित्रगुप्तः प्रमार्ष्टु Mu.1.2.

-गृहम् a painted room.

-जल्पः a random or incoherent talk, talk on various subjects.

-तण्डुलम् a medicinal plant said to possess anthelmintic virtues.

-त्वच् m. the Bhūrja tree.

-दण्डकः the cotton-plant.

-धा ind. in many ways; तर्कयामास चित्रधा Bhāg.3.13.2.

-न्यस्त a. painted, drawn in a picture; Ku.2.24.

-पक्षः the francoline partridge.

-पटः, -ट्टः 1 a painting, a picture.

-2 a coloured or chequered cloth.

-पद a.

1 divided into various parts.

-2 full of graceful expressions.

-पादा the bird called Sārikā.

-पिच्छकः a peacock.

-पुङ्खः a kind of arrow.

-पृष्ठः a sparrow.

-प्रतिकृतिः f. representation in colours, a painting, a picture.

-फलः, -फलकः A kind of large flat fish; L. D. B.

-फला 1 A smaller kind of flat fish.

-2 N. of several plants.

-फलकम् a tablet for painting, a picture-board.

-बर्हः a peacock;

-भानु a. of a variegated colour, shining with light; चित्रभानुरुषसां भात्यग्रे R.7.9.3; प्रपूर्वगौ पूर्वजौ चित्रभानू Mb.1.3.57.

(-नुः) 1 fire; पुच्छैः शिरोभिश्च भृशं चित्रभानुं प्रपेदिरे Mb.1.53. 5.

-2 the sun; (चित्रभानुर्विभातीति दिने रवौ रात्रौ वह्नौ K. P. 2 given as an instance of one of the modes of अञ्जन).

-3 N. of Bhairava.

-4 the Arka plant.

-5 Śiva.

-6 an epithet of the Aśvins.

-7 the first year of the first cycle of Jupiter.

-भाष्यम् A diplomatic speech; Mb. 5.35.71.

-भूत a. painted.

-मण्डलः a kind of snake.

-मृगः the spotted antelope.

-मेखलः a peacock.

-योधिन् a. fighting in a wonderful manner; लब्धास्त्रश्चित्रयोधी च मनस्वी च दृढवतः 5.17.3. (-m.) an epithet of Arjuna.

-रथः 1 the sun.

-2 N. of a king of the Gandharvas, one of the sixteen sons of Kaśyapa by his wife Muni; अत्र मुनेस्तनयश्चित्रसेनादीनां पञ्चदशानां भ्रातॄणामधिको गुणैः षोडश- श्चित्ररथो नाम समुत्पन्नः K.136; V.1.

-लिखनम् painting.

-लिखित a.

1 painted.

-2 dumb, motionless (as in a picture).

-लेख a. of beautiful outlines, highly arched; रुचिस्तव कलावती रुचिरचित्रलेखे श्रुवौ Gīt.1.

(-खा) 1 a portrait, picture.

-2 N. of a friend and companion of Uṣā, daughter of Bāṇa. [When Uṣā related to her her dream, she suggested the idea of taking the portraits of all young princes in the neighbourhood; and on Uṣā's recognising Aniruddha, Chitralekhā, by means of her magical power, conveyed him to her palace.]

-लेखकः a painter.

-लेखनिका a painter's brush.

-वदालः the sheat-fish.

-वनम् N. of a forest near the Gaṇḍakī.

-वाजः a cock.

-विचित्र a.

1 vari- ously coloured, variegated.

-2 multiform.

-विद्या the art of painting.

-शाला a painter's studio.

-शिखण्डिन् m. an epithet of the seven sages:--मरीचि, अङ्गिरस्, अत्रि, पुलस्त्य, पुलह, क्रतु and वसिष्ठ; मरीचिरत्र्यङ्गिरसौ पुलस्त्यः पुलहः क्रतुः । वसिष्ठश्च महातेजास्ते हि चित्रशिखण्डिनः ॥ Mb.12.335.29. ˚जः an epithet of Bṛihaspati.

-शिरस् m.

-शीर्षकः a kind of venomous insect.

-श्रीः great or wonderful beauty.

-संस्थ a. painted.

-हस्तः a particular position of the hands in fighting.

पुष्पम् [पुष्प् विकाशे-अच्]

1 A flower, blossom; पत्रं पुष्पं फलं तोयं यो मे भक्त्या प्रयच्छति Bg.9.26.

-2 The menstrual discharge; as in पुष्पवती q. v.

-3 A topaz (पुष्पराग); Rām.2.94.6.

-4 A disease of the eyes (albugo).

-5 The car or vehicle of Kubera; see पुष्पक.

-6 Gallantry, politeness (in love language).

-7 Expanding, blooming, blossoming (said to be m. in this sense).

-Comp. -अग्रम् pistil.

-अञ्जनम् 1 calx of brass used as a collyrium.

-2 A white flower-like substance which appears when zinc is mixed with copper and heated for preparing brass.

-3 Zinc oxide (Mar. जस्तफूल).

-अञ्जलिः a handful of flowers.

-अनुगम् a powder promoting menstruation.

-अभिषेक = ˚स्नान q. v.

-अम्बु the honey of flowers.

-अम्बुजम् the sap of flowers.

-अवचयः col- lecting or gathering flowers.

-अवचायिन् = पुष्पाजीव q. v.

-अस्त्रः an epithet of the god of love.

- आकर a. rich or abounding in flowers; मासो नु पुष्पाकरः V.1.9.

-आगमः the spring.

-आजीवः a florist, garland-maker.

-आननः a kind of liquor.

-आपीडः a chaplet of flowers.

-आयुधः, -इषुः the god of love; पुष्पायुधं दुराधर्षम् Mb.1. 172.17; Mahimna 23.

-आसवम् honey.

-आसारः a shower of flowers; पुष्पासारैः स्नपयतु भवान् व्योमगङ्गाजलार्द्रैः Me.45.

-आस्तरकः, -आस्तरणम् the art of strewing flowers (one of the 64 Kalās).

-उद्गमः appearance of flowers.

-उद्यानम् a flower-garden.

-उपजीविन् m. a florist, gardener, garland-maker.

-करण्डकम् N. of the garden of Ujjayinī.

-करण्डिनी N. of the city, Ujjayinī.

-कालः 1 'flower-time', the spring.

-2 the time of the menses.

-कासीसम् green (or black) sulphate of iron.

-कीटः a large black bee.

-केतनः, -केतुः the god of love. (-n.)

1 calx of flowers.

-2 vitriol (used as a colly- rium).

-गण्डिका N. of a kind of farce (in which men act as women and women as men); S. D.

-गृहम् a flowerhouse, conservatory.

-घातकः the bamboo.

-चयः 1 gathering flowers

-2 a quantity of flowers.

-चापः the god of love.

-चामरः a kind of cane.

-जम् the juice of flowers.

-दः a tree.

-दन्तः 1 N. of an attend- ant of Śiva.

-2 N. of the author of the Mahimna- stotra.

-3 N. of the elephant presiding over the north- west; शुद्धाक्षमैन्द्रं भल्लाटं पुष्पदन्तं तथैव च Hariv.

-4 the sun and moon (dual).

-दामन् n. a garland of flowers.

-द्रवः 1 the sap or exudation of flowers.

-2 an infu- sion of flowers.

-द्रुमः a flowering tree.

-धः the off- spring of an outcast Brāhmaṇa; cf. व्रात्यात् तु जायते विप्रात् पापात्मा भूर्जकण्टकः । आवन्त्यवाटधानौ च पुष्पधः शैख एव च ॥ Ms.1.21.

-धनुस्, -धन्वन् m. the god of love; द्रुतमेत्य पुष्पधनुषो धनुषः Śi.9.41; शतमखमुपतस्थे प्राञ्जलिः पुष्पधन्वा Ku.2.64.

-धरः a. bearing flowers.

-धारणः an epithet of Viṣṇu.

-ध्वजः the god of love.

-निक्षः a bee.

-निर्यासः, -निर्यासकः the sap, nectar, or juice of flowers.

-नेत्रम् the tube of a flower.

-पत्रिन् m. the god of love.

-पथः, -पदवी the vulva.

-पुटः the calyx of a flower.

-2 (in music) a particular position in dancing.

-पुरम् N. of Pāṭaliputra; प्रासादवातायनसंश्रितानां नेत्रोत्सवं पुष्पपुराङ्गनानाम् R.6.24.

-प्रचयः, -प्रचायः the plucking or gathering of flowers.

-प्रचायिका gathering of flowers.

-प्रस्तारः a bed or couch of flowers.

-फलः the wood-apple tree.

-बटुकः a courtier, gallant; (v. l. for पुष्पनाटक),

-बलिः an offering of flowers.

-बाणः, -वाणः an epithet of the god of love.

-भद्रः a kind of pavilion with 62 columns.

-भवः the nectar or juice of flowers.

-मञ्जरिका a blue lotus.

-माला a garland of flowers.

-मासः 1 the month of Chaitra; मम त्वयं विना वासः पुष्पमासे सुदुःसहः Rām.4.1. 41.

-2 the spring; अजितभुवनस्तथा हि लेभे सिततुरगे विजयं न पुष्पमासः Ki.1.35.

-यमकम् a kind of Yamaka; cf. Bk.1.14.

-रजस् n. the pollen.

-रथः a carriage for travelling or for pleasure (but not for war); मुख्यः पुष्परथो युक्तः किं न गच्छति ते$ग्रतः Rām.2.26.15.

-रसः the nectar or juice of flowers. ˚आह्वयम् honey.

-रागः, -राजः a topaz.

-रेणुः pollen; वायुर्विधूनयति चम्पकपुष्पपेणून् Kavirahasya; R.1.38.

-पुष्परोचनः the Nāgakesara tree.

-लावः a flower-gatherer. (

-वी) a female flower- gatherer; Me.26.

-लिक्षः, -लिह् m. a bee.

-लिपिः A particular style of writing.

-वर्षः, -वर्षणम् a shower of flowers; सुरभि सुरविमुक्तं पुष्पवर्षं पपात R.12.12; पुष्पवर्षो महानभूत् Rām.

-वाटिका, -वाटी f. a flower-garden.

-वृक्षः a tree bearing flowers.

-वृष्टिः f. a shower of flowers; परस्परशरव्राताः पुष्पवृष्टिं न सेहिरे R.12.94.

-वेणी a garland of flowers.

-शकटिका, -शकटी a heavenly voice, voice from heaven. ˚निमित्तज्ञानम् Knowledge of the omens which result from heavenly voices (one of the 64 Kalās).

-शय्या a flowery bed, a couch of flowers.

-शरः, -शरासनः, -सायकः the god of love.

-समयः the spring.

-सारः, -स्वेदः the nectar or honey of flowers.

-सारा the holy basil.

-सिता a kind of sugar.

-स्नानम् a kind of inauguration.

-हासः 1 an epithet of Viṣṇu.

-2 the blooming of flowers.

-हासा a woman in her courses.

-हीना a woman past child-bearing.

आकाशः शम् [समन्तादाकाशन्ते सूर्यादयो$त्र Tv.]

1 The sky आकाशभवा सरस्वती Ku.4.39; ˚ग, ˚चारिन् &c.

-2 Ether (considered as the fifth element).

-3 The subtle and ethereal fluid pervading the whole universe; one of the 9 dravyas or substances recognized by the Vaiśe- ṣikas. It is the substratum of the quality 'sound'; शब्दगुणमाकाशम्; cf. also श्रुतिविषयगुणा या स्थिता व्याप्य विश्वम् Ś.1.1; अथात्मनः शब्दगुणं गुणज्ञः पदं (scil. आकाशम्) विमानेन विगाहमानः R.13.1.

-4 Free space or vacuity; यश्चायमन्त- रात्मन्नाकाशः Bṛi. Up.

-5 Space, place in general; सपर्वत- वनाकाशां पृथिवीम् Mb.; भवनाकाशमजायताम्बुराशिः Bv.2.165. open space (not covered or surrounded by anything); मुनयः सलिलाहारा वायुभक्षास्तथापरे । आकाशनिलयाश्चैव तथा स्थण्डि- लशायिनः ॥ Rām.3.6.4.

-6 Brahman (as identical with ether); आकाशस्तल्लिङ्गात् Br. Sūt.1.1.22; यावानयमाकाश- स्तावानयमन्तर्हृदयाकाशः Ch. Up.8.1.3.

-7 Light, clearness.

-8 A hole.

-9 A dot, zero (in Math.). आकाशे in the air; आकाशे लक्ष्यं बद्ध्वा fixing the look on some object out of sight. आकाशे in the sense of 'in the air' is used in dramas as a stage-direction when a character on the stage asks questions to some one not on the stage, and listens to an imaginary speech supposed to be a reply, which is usually introduced by the words किं ब्रवीषि, किं कथयसि &c.; दूरस्थाभाषणं यत्स्यादशरीरनिवेदनम् । परोक्षान्तरितं वाक्यं तदाकाशे निगद्यते ॥ Bharata; cf. आकाशभाषितम् below; (आकाशे) प्रियंवदे, कस्येदमुशीरानुलेपनं मृणालवन्ति च नलिनीपत्राणि नीयन्ते । (श्रुतिमभिनीय) किं ब्रवीषि &c. Ś.3. This is a contri- vance used by poets to avoid the introduction of a fresh character, and it is largely used in the species of dramatic composition called भाण where only one character conducts the whole play by a copious use of आकाशभाषित.

-Comp. -अनन्त्यायतनम् the abode of infinity or of infinite space; N. of a world with the Buddhists.

-अस्तिकायः N. of a category with the Jainas; धर्माधर्माकाशास्तिकायास्ते Sarva. S.3.

-ईशः 1 an epithet of Indra.

-2 (in law) any helpless person (such as a child, a woman, a pauper) who has no other possession than the air. आकाशेशास्तु विज्ञेया बालवृद्धकृशातुराः Ms.4.184.

-कक्षा 'the girdle of the sky', horizon.

-कल्पः Brahman.

-गः a. moving through the atmosphere. (

-गः) a bird. (

-गा) the heavenly Ganges.

-गङ्गा [आकाशपथवाहिनी गङ्गा] the celestial Ganges; नदत्याकाशगङ्गायाः स्रोतस्युद्दामदिग्गजे R.1.78; cf. also उभौ यदि व्योम्नि पृथक् प्रवाहावाकाशगङ्गापयसः पतेताम् Si.3.8.

-गर्भी m. N. of a Bodhisattva.

-चमसः the moon.

-ज a. produced in the sky.

-जननिन् m. a casement, loophole, an embrasure (left in castle walls); प्रगण्डीः कारयेत्सम्यगाकाशजननीस्तदा Mb.12.69.43.

-दीपः, -प्रदीपः 1 a lamp lighted in honour of Lakṣmī or Viṣṇu and raised on a pole in the air at the Divāli festival in the month of Kārtika.

-2 a beacon-light, a lantern on a pole.

-पथिकः The sun; Ks.

-प्रतिष्ठितः N. of a Buddha.

-बद्धलक्ष (in Nāṭaka) fixing the gaze on some object out of sight; ततः प्रविशति आकाशबद्धलक्षः उन्मत्तवेषो राजा V.4.

-भाषितम् 1 speaking off the stage, a supposed speech to which a reply is made as if it had been actually spoken and heard; किं ब्रवीषीति यन्नाटये विना पात्रं प्रयुज्यते । श्रुत्वेवानुक्तमप्यर्थं तत्स्यादाकाशभाषितम् S. D.425.

-2 a sound or voice in the air.

-मण्डलम् the celestial sphere.

-मांसी [आकाशभवा मांसी] N. of a plant क्षुद्रजटामांसी).

-मुखिन् pl. N. of Śaiva sect, the adherents of which keep their faces turned towards the sky.

-मुष्टिहननाय Ā. To be foolish like one who beats the air with his fist; Sarva. S.

-मूली the equatic plant (कुम्भिका) Pistia Stratiotes (Mar. शेवाळ).

-यानम् 1 a heavenly car, a balloon. cf. वायुबन्धकवस्त्रेण सुबद्धो यानमस्तके । उदानस्य लघुत्वेन बिभर्त्याकाशयानकम् ॥ गरुत्मद्धंसैः कङ्कालैरन्यैः पक्षिगणैरपि । आकाशे वाहयेद् यानं विमानमिति संज्ञितम् ॥ -अगस्त्यसंहिता.

-2 moving or travelling through the sky; आकाशयानेन प्रविशति enter passing through the sky (frequently occurring in dramas).

-3 one who moves through the air.

-रक्षिन् m. a watchman on the outer battlements of a castle (आकाश इव अत्युच्चप्राचीरोपरि स्थित्वा रक्षति).

-वचनम् = ˚भाषितम् q. v.

-वर्त्मन् n.

1 the firmament.

-2 the atmosphere, air.

-वल्ली a sort of creeper, a para- sitical plant (अमरवेल; Mar बांडगूळ).

-वाणी a voice from heaven, an incorporeal speech (अशरीरिणी वाणी).

-शयनम् Sleeping in the open air; निवृत्ताकाशशयनाः Rām.3.16.12.

-सलिलम् rain; dew.

-स्थ a. abiding in the sky. aerial.

-स्फटिकः a kind of crystal supposed to be formed in the atmosphere (two kinds सूर्यकान्त and चन्द्रकान्त); hail (करका).

φάτις [pron. full] [ᾰ], ἡ: acc. φάτιν: voc.

A

φάτι S.OT 151

(lyr.),

φάτις Id.Aj. 173

(lyr.): [var] contr. acc. pl.

φάτῑς Pi.P.3.112

(s.v.l.): not found in any other cases: ([etym.] φηυί):—poet. Noun, used also by Hdt.,

I voice from heaven (not in Hom.), oracle,

φ. Διός S.OT 151

(lyr.), cf. 1440, E.Supp. 834 (lyr.);

ἀπὸ θεσφάτων τίς ἀγαθὰ φ. βροτοῖς στέλλεται; A.Ag. 1132

(lyr.);

ἀπ' οἰωνῶν S.OT 310

;

Μουσάων Ar.Av. 924

(lyr.); of a dream, A.Pers. 227 (troch.); of the interpreter of dreams, ib. 521.

2 voice or saying among men, common talk, rumour,

αἰσχυνόμενοι φάτιν ἀνδρῶν ἠδὲ γυναικῶν Od.21.323

, cf. Sol.2.3; φ. ἀνθρώπους ἀναβαίνει ἐσθλή good report. Od.6.29;

εὐκλεής E.Fr. 242

;

φ. βαρεῖα A.Ag. 456

(lyr.); ἐπίψογος ib. 611;

κακά S.Aj. 186

(lyr.); φ. ἔτυμος, νημερτής, E.IA 794 (lyr.), Lyc.1051; μαψίδιος, ψευδής, E.Hel. 251 (lyr.), AP7.239 (Parmen.); in Doric Prose, PSI9.1091.5: c. gen. objecti, φ. μνηστήρων a report of the suitors, Od.23.362: but κατὰ τῶν ἱρέων τὴν φάτιν as the priests' story runs, Hdt.2.102;

ὡς φ. ὅρμηται Id.7.189

;

φ. κρατεῖ A.Supp. 294

;

ὥσπερ ἡ φ. S.OT 715

;

ὡς φ. ἀνδρῶν Id.Ant. 829

(lyr.);

οὕτω φ. αὐδᾷ E. Ion 225

(lyr.): ἡ φ. μιν ἔχει the report goes of him.., Hdt.7.3, cf. 8.94;

ἐχθρὰ Φάλαριν κατέχει φάτις Pi.P. 1.96

: reversely, in same sense,

ἔχει τινὰ φάτιν ἀνὴρ Ἐφέσιος Hdt.9.84

, cf. E.Hel.l. c.: φάτιν ἀγγέλλειν, φέρειν, Batr. 138, A.Ag.9, etc.;

ἆραι S.Aj. 191

(lyr.); καταβαλεῖν φ. ὡς .. Hdt.1.122;

κλύειν φάτιν S.Aj. 850

; φ. ἐπέρχεται, ἦλθέ τινι, Id.Ant. 700, E.Hipp. 130 (lyr.); ἐς τοὺς δήμους φ. ἀπίκετο ὡς .. Hdt.1.60; ἐνθεῦτεν φ. κεχώρηκε ib. 122;

ἦ σ' ἐπίανέν τις ἄπτερος φ.; A.Ag. 276

; proverb,

φ. αὐτοῖσιν μαρτυρεῖ Heraclit.34

(cf. Trag.Adesp.517).

3 subject of a saying or report, Νέστορα καὶ Σαρπαδόν', ἀνθρώπων φάτις themes of many a tale, Pi.P.3.112 (s. v. l.); δέρκομαι φάτιν ἄφραστον a thing unspeakable, S.Tr. 693.

II speech. words, of a single person, Id.Ph. 1045, El. 329, 1213.

2 speech, language,

Ἕλλην' ἐπίσταμαι φάτιν A.Ag. 1254

.

III a name, Id.Fr.6.

ὑπακοή, ῆς, ἡ (ὑπακούω; 2 Km 22:36; TestJud 17:3; Just., D. 131, 2; Ath. 3, 2; Iren. and pap fr. VI A.D., e.g. PStras 40, 41; also Psellus p. 247, 18; 251, 35)

① a state of being in compliance, obedience (one listens and follows instructions)

ⓐ gener., the obedience which every slave owes his master εἰς ὑπακοήν= εἰς τὸ ὑπακούειν to obey Ro 6:16a.

ⓑ predom. of obedience to God and God’s commands, abs. (opp. ἁμαρτία) Ro 6:16b. Cp. 1 Cl 9:3; 19:1. διʼ ὑπακοῆς obediently, in obedience (toward God) 10:2, 7. Of Christ’s obedience Hb 5:8.—W. subjective gen. of Christ’s obedience to God Ro 5:19 (opp. παρακοή); of human beings’ obedience to the will of God as expressed in the gospel Ro 15:18; 16:19; of obedience to God’s chosen representatives, the apostle and his emissaries 2 Cor 7:15; 10:6 (opp. παρακοή); Phlm 21.—W. the objective gen. ὑπ. τοῦ Χριστοῦ obedience to Christ 2 Cor 10:5; 1 Pt 1:2 (where Ἰησοῦ Χρ. goes w. ὑπακοήν). ὑπ. τῆς ἀληθείας vs. 22. Perh. εἰς ὑπακοὴν πίστεως Ro 1:5; 16:26 is to be taken in this sense to promote obedience to the message of faith (so DGarlington, ‘The Obedience of Faith’, A Pauline Phrase in Historical Context ’91). But it may be better to render it more generally with a view to (promoting) obedience which springs from faith (so GParke-Taylor, ET 55, ’44, 305f; gen. of source). On τέκνα ὑπακοῆς 1 Pt 1:14 s. τέκνον 6; on τὸν τῆς ὑπακοῆς τόπον ἀναπληροῦν 1 Cl 63:1 s. ἀναπληρόω 3.—OKuss, D. Begriff des Gehorsams im NT: ThGl 27, ’35, 695–702; HvCampenhausen, Recht u. Gehors. in d. ältest. Kirche: ThBl 20, ’41, 279–95; RAC IX 390–430.

② reply made to a question, answer (Pla, Soph. 217d) καὶ ὑπακοὴ ἠκούετο ἀπὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ ὅτι ‘ναί’ (soldiers heard a voice from heaven calling out, ‘Did you proclaim to those who are asleep?’) and an answer was heard from the cross: Yes GPt 10:42.—DELG s.v. ἀκούω. M-M. TW. Sv.

झूणिः (लिः) 1 A kind of betel-nut.

-2 A voice from heaven boding ill-luck, an evil omen.

-3 A thicket.

φάτα, φάτης

talker: masc voc sg

φάτα, φάτης

talker: masc nom sg (epic)

φάται, φάτης

talker: masc nom /voc pl

φάτᾱͅ, φάτης

talker: masc dat sg (doric aeolic)

φάτι, φάτις

voice from heaven: fem voc sg

φᾱτι, φημί

Spir. Prooem.

pres ind act 3rd sg (doric)

φάτο, φημί

Spir. Prooem.

imperf ind mp 3rd sg (epic)

φάτο, φημί

Spir. Prooem.

aor ind mid 3rd sg (epic)

φάτε, φημί

Spir. Prooem.

pres imperat act 2nd pl

φατε, φημί

Spir. Prooem.

pres ind act 2nd pl

φάθι, φημί

Spir. Prooem.

pres imperat act 2nd sg

φαθι, φημί

Spir. Prooem.

pres imperat act 2nd sg

φάτε, φημί

Spir. Prooem.

imperf ind act 2nd pl (homeric ionic)

φάτα, φάτης

talker: masc voc sg

φάτα, φάτης

talker: masc nom sg (epic)

φάται, φάτης

talker: masc nom /voc pl

φάτᾱͅ, φάτης

talker: masc dat sg (doric aeolic)

φάτι, φάτις

voice from heaven: fem voc sg

φᾱτι, φημί

Spir. Prooem.

pres ind act 3rd sg (doric)

φάτο, φημί

Spir. Prooem.

imperf ind mp 3rd sg (epic)

φάτο, φημί

Spir. Prooem.

aor ind mid 3rd sg (epic)

φάτε, φημί

Spir. Prooem.

pres imperat act 2nd pl

φατε, φημί

Spir. Prooem.

pres ind act 2nd pl

φάτε, φημί

Spir. Prooem.

imperf ind act 2nd pl (homeric ionic)

φάτης

talker: masc nom sg

φάτις

voice from heaven: fem nom /voc pl (doric aeolic)

φάτις

voice from heaven: fem acc sg

f. a voice from heaven W.

οὐρανός, οῦ, ὁ 24:31 (Hom.+; ‘heaven’ in various senses)

① the portion or portions of the universe gener. distinguished from planet earth, heaven (so mostly in the sing.; s. B-D-F §141, 1)

ⓐ mentioned w. the earth

α. forming a unity w. it as the totality of creation (Pla., Euthyd. 296d οὐρανὸς καὶ γῆ; Gen 1:1; 14:19, 22; Tob 7:17 BA; Jdth 9:12; Bel 5; 1 Macc 2:37 al.; PsSol 8:7; ParJer 5:32; Just., D. 74, 1; PGM 13, 784 ὁ βασιλεύων τῶν οὐρανῶν κ. τῆς γῆς κ. πάντων τῶν ἐν αὐτοῖς ἐνδιατριβόντων; Orig., C. Cels. 6, 59, 6; Theoph. Ant. 1, 4 [p. 64, 13]) ὁ οὐρανὸς καὶ ἡ γῆ Mt 5:18; 11:25; 24:35; Mk 13:31; Lk 10:21; 16:17; 21:33; Ac 4:24; 14:15; 17:24 (on the absence of the art. s. B-D-F §253, 3); Rv 14:7; 20:11; Dg 3:4; AcPlCor 2:9; 19.

β. standing independently beside the earth or contrasted w. it: Mt 5:34f; Ac 7:49 (cp. on both Is 66:1). ἐν (τῷ) οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ (τῆς) γῆς Mt 6:10; 28:18; Lk 11:2 v.l.; Rv 5:13.—1 Cor 8:5; Rv 5:3; ISm 11:2. τὸ πρόσωπον τ. γῆς καὶ τ. οὐρανοῦ Lk 12:56. Cp. Hb 12:26 (Hg 2:6); Js 5:12.—τὰ ἔσχατα τ. γῆς as extreme contrast to heaven 1 Cl 28:3. By God’s creative word the heaven was fixed and the earth founded on the waters Hv 1, 3, 4. Neither heaven nor earth can be comprehended by human measure 16:2 (Is 40:12). On ἀπʼ ἄκρου γῆς ἕως ἄκρου οὐρανοῦ Mk 13:27 s. under ἄκρον. ὁ πρῶτος οὐρ. καὶ ἡ πρώτη γῆ will give way in the last times to the οὐρ. καινός and the γῆ καινή Rv 21:1 (cp. Is 65:17; 66:22).

ⓑ as firmament or sky over the earth; out of reach for humans Hm 11:18. Hence ἕως οὐρανοῦ (ApcEsdr 4:32) Mt 11:23; Lk 10:15 or εἰς τὸν οὐρ. Hv 4, 1, 5 as an expr. denoting a great height. Likew. ἀπὸ τ. γῆς ἕως τ. οὐρανοῦ 1 Cl 8:3 (scripture quot. of unknown origin); GPt 10:40 (for a transcendent being who walks on the earth and whose head touches the sky, s. Il. 4, 443). Since the heaven extends over the whole earth, ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρ. under (the) heaven = on earth, throughout the earth (Pla., Tim. 23c, Ep. 7, 326c; UPZ 106, 14 [99 B.C.]; Eccl 1:13; 3:1; Just., A II, 5, 2) Ac 2:5; 4:12; Col 1:23; Hs 9, 17, 4; m 12, 4, 2. ὑποκάτωθεν τοῦ οὐρανοῦ throughout the earth 1 Cl 53:3 (Dt 9:14). ἐκ τῆς (i.e. χώρας) ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρ. εἰς τὴν ὑπʼ οὐρανόν from one place on earth to another Lk 17:24 (cp. Dt 29:19; Bar 5:3; 2 Macc 2:18 ἐκ τῆς ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρ. εἰς τὸν ἅγιον τόπον).—In the last days there will appear τέρατα ἐν τ. οὐρανῷ ἄνω wonders in the heaven above Ac 2:19 (Jo 3:3 v.l.). σημεῖον ἐν τῷ οὐρ. Rv 12:1, 3 (cp. Diod S 2, 30, 1 τὰ ἐν οὐρανῷ γινόμενα=what takes place in the heavens; Ael. Aristid. 50, 56 K.=26 p. 519 D., where the statue of Asclepius from Pergamum appears ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ). The sky can even be rolled up; s. ἑλίσσω.—Rain falls fr. heaven (X., An. 4, 2, 2) and heaven is closed to bring about a drought Lk 4:25.—Rv 11:6; Js 5:18 (cp. 2 Ch 6:26; 7:13; Sir 48:3). Lightning also comes fr. heaven (Bacchylides 17, 55f ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ … ἀστραπάν [=Attic-ήν]) Lk 10:18. Likew. of other things that come down like rain to punish sinners: fire Lk 9:54 (cp. 4 Km 1:10; TestAbr A 10 p. 88, 14 [Stone p. 24]); Rv 20:9; fire and brimstone Lk 17:29 (cp. Gen 19:24); apocalyptic hail Rv 16:21; AcPl Ha 5, 7.

ⓒ as starry heaven IEph 19:2. τὰ ἄστρα τοῦ οὐρ. (cp. ἄστρον and s. Eur., Phoen. 1; Diod S 6, 2, 2 ἥλιον κ. σελήνην κ. τὰ ἄλλα ἄστρα τὰ κατʼ οὐρανόν; Ael. Aristid. 43, 13 K.=1 p. 5 D.; TestAbr A 1 p. 78, 1 [Stone p. 4]; JosAs 2:11) Hb 11:12. οἱ ἀστέρες τοῦ οὐρ. 1 Cl 32:2 (Gen 22:17); cp. 10:6 (Gen 15:5). In the time of tribulation at the end of the world the stars will fall fr. heaven Mt 24:29a; Mk 13:25a; Rv 6:13; 12:4. Cp. 8:10; 9:1. ἡ στρατιὰ τοῦ οὐρ. (s. οὐράνιος) the host of heaven, of the stars, which some Israelites illicitly worshipped Ac 7:42 (worship of the στρατιὰ τοῦ οὐρ. in enmity to Yahweh also Jer 7:18; 19:13; Zeph 1:5; 2 Ch 33:3, 5). These are also meant by the δυνάμεις τῶν οὐρανῶν Mt 24:29b; Lk 21:26; cp. Mk 13:25b (cp. δύναμις 4).

ⓓ as place of atmosphere (cp. TestAbr A 9 p. 87, 15 [Stone p. 22] εἰς τὴν αἰθέρα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ); clouds hover in it, the νεφέλαι τοῦ οὐρ. (s. νεφέλη) Mt 24:30b; 26:64; Mk 14:62; D 16:8. Likew. the birds, τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ (Gen 1:26; Ps 8:9; Jdth 11:7; ParJer 7:3; cp. Bar 3:17) Mt 6:26; 8:20; 13:32; Mk 4:32; Lk 8:5; 9:58; Ac 10:12; 11:6; 6:12 (Gen 1:26), 18; Hs 9, 24, 1; GJs 3:2 codd.; 18:2 codd.—πυρράζει ὁ οὐρανός Mt 16:2, 3.—In connection w. τὸν σατανᾶν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ πεσόντα Lk 10:18 the atmosphere may well be thought of as an abode of evil spirits. On Satan as the ἄρχων τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ ἀέρος, s. ἀήρ. Cp. also the λεγόμενοι θεοὶ εἴτε ἐν οὐρ. εἴτε ἐπὶ γῆς 1 Cor 8:5. In any case Rv 12:7f speaks of the dragon and his angels as being in heaven.

ⓔ The concept of more than one heaven (the idea is Semitic; but s. FTorm, ZNW 33, ’34, 48–50, who refers to Anaximander and Aristot. Also Ps.-Apollod. 1, 6, 1, 2 ms. and Achilles Tat. 2, 36, 4 and 37, 2 ms. have οὐρανοί; Himerius, Or. 66 [=Or. 20], 4 οὐρανοί as the abode of the gods; also Hesychius Miles. [VI A.D.] c. 66 JFlach of the ‘godless heathen’ Tribonian.—Schlatter, Mt² p. 58 on 3:2: ‘The pl. οὐρανοί is found neither in Philo nor Joseph.’ Cp. PKatz, Philo’s Bible ’50, 141–46; Mussies 84) is also found in our lit. (s. 1aα; Theoph. Ant. 1, 4 [p. 64, 15]), but it is not always possible to decide with certainty just where the idea is really alive and where it simply survives in a formula (in J’s Gospel the pl. is entirely absent; Rv has it only 12:12 [fr. LXX]. Eph always has the pl. In others the sing. and pl. are interchanged for no apparent reason [cp. Hb 9:23 w. 24 or Hv 1, 1, 4 w. 1, 2, 1; also GPt 10:40f; Ps. 113:11 lines 1 and 2; TestAbr, TestJob, Just., Tat.]): the third heaven (cp. Ps.-Lucian, Philopatris 12 ἐς τρίτον οὐρανὸν ἀεροβατήσας [s. on ἀνακαινίζω and πνεῦμα 8]; PSI 29, 2ff [IV A.D.?] ἐπικαλοῦμαί σε τὸν καθήμενον ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ οὐρανῷ … ἐν τῷ β´ οὐρ. … ἐν τῷ γ´ οὐρ.; Simplicius, In Epict. p. 100, 13 Düb. ὀκτὼ οὐρανοί; TestLevi 3:3; GrBar 11:1 εἰς πέμπτον οὐ. Combination of the third heaven and paradise, GrBar 10:1ff; ApcMos 37. S. τρίτος 1a) 2 Cor 12:2 (s. JohJeremias, Der Gottesberg 1919, 41ff; Ltzm., Hdb.⁴ ’49, exc. on 2 Cor 12:3f [lit.]). ὑπεράνω πάντων τῶν οὐρανῶν Eph 4:10. τ. πάντα ἐν τ. οὐρανοῖς κ. ἐπὶ τ. γῆς Col 1:16; cp. vs. 20. ἔργα τ. χειρῶν σού εἰσιν οἱ οὐρ. Hb 1:10 (Ps 101:26).—4:14; 7:26; 2 Pt 3:5, 7, 10, 12f (of the heavens, their destruction in the final conflagration, and their replacement by the καινοὶ οὐρ.); 1 Cl 20:1; 33:3. τακήσονταί τινες τῶν οὐρανῶν 2 Cl 16:3.—S. also Lampe s.v. 2.—From the concept of various celestial levels a transition is readily made to

② transcendent abode, heaven (the pl. is preferred for this mng.: B-D-F §141, 1; Rob. 408)

ⓐ as the dwelling-place (or throne) of God (Sappho, Fgm. 56 D.² [=Campbell 54] of Eros; Solon 1, 22 D.³ of Zeus; Hom. Hymn to Aphrodite 291 [all three οὐρ. in the sing. as the seat of the gods]; Pla., Phdr. 246e ὁ μέγας ἐν οὐρανῷ Ζεύς; Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 2, 2; 3, 4 ὁ οὐρ. as οἰκητήριον θεοῦ or θεῶν; Dio Chrys. 19[36], 22 θεῶν μακάρων κατʼ οὐρανόν; Artem. 2, 68 p. 159, 13 ὁ οὐρανὸς θεῶν ἐστὶν οἶκος; Ael. Aristid. 43, 14 K.=1 p. 5 D.; Maximus Tyr. 11, 11b; ins from Saïtaï in Lydia [δύναμις 5]; IAndrosIsis, Cyrene 8 p. 129.—On the OT: GWestphal, Jahwes Wohnstätten 1908, 214–73) Mt 23:22; Ac 7:55f; Hb 8:1; 16:2b (Is 66:1); Dg 10:7. ὁ θεὸς ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρ. Hv 1, 1, 6 (cp. Tob 5:17 S). ὁ θεὸς τοῦ οὐρ. (Gen 24:3) Rv 11:13; 16:11. ὁ κύριος ἐν οὐρανοῖς Eph 6:9; cp. Col 4:1. ὁ πατὴρ ὑμῶν (μου, ἡμῶν) ὁ ἐν (τοῖς) οὐρ. (silver tablet fr. Amisos: ARW 12, 1909, 25 ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ μέγας ὁ ἐν οὐρανῷ καθήμενος) Mt 5:16, 45; 6:1, 9; 7:11, 21b; 10:33; 12:50; 16:17; 18:10b, 14, 19; Mk 11:25f; Lk 11:2 v.l.; D 8:2 (here the sing. ὁ ἐν τῷ οὐρ. Cp. PGM 12, 261 τῷ ἐν οὐρανῷ θεῷ). ὁ πατὴρ ὁ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ the Father who (gives) from heaven Lk 11:13 (Jos., Ant. 9, 73 ἐκχέαι τὸν θεὸν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ). God dwells in τὰ ὕψη τῶν οὐρ. 1 Cl 36:2. Therefore the one who prays looks up toward heaven: ἀναβλέπειν εἰς τὸν οὐρ. (s. ἀναβλέπω 1) Mt 14:19; Mk 6:41; 7:34; Lk 9:16; MPol 9:2; 14:1. ἀτενίσας εἰς τὸν οὐρ. εἶδεν δόξαν θεοῦ Ac 7:55; ἐπάρας τ. ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸν οὐρ. J 17:1.—The Spirit of God comes fr. (the open) heaven Mt 3:16; Mk 1:10; Lk 3:21; J 1:32; Ac 2:2(–4); 1 Pt 1:12; AcPlCor 2:5. The voice of God resounds fr. it (Maximus Tyr. 35, 7b Διὸς ἐξ οὐρανοῦ μέγα βοῶντος, the words follow) Mt 3:17; Mk 1:11; Lk 3:22; J 12:28; Ac 11:9; MPol 9:1 (cp. Just., D. 88, 8), and it is gener. the place where divine pronouncements originate Ac 11:5 and their end vs. 10. The ὀργὴ θεοῦ reveals itself fr. heaven Ro 1:18 (s. Jos., Bell. 1, 630 τὸν ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ δικαστήν). Also, a σημεῖον ἐκ (ἀπὸ) τοῦ οὐρ. is a sign given by God Mt 16:1; Mk 8:11; Lk 11:16; cp. 21:11.—Lampe s.v. 4.

ⓑ Christ is ἐξ οὐρανοῦ from heaven, of a heavenly nature 1 Cor 15:47 (s. ἄνθρωπος 1d. On this HKennedy, St. Paul and the Conception of the ‘Heavenly Man’: Exp. 8th ser., 7, 1913, 97–110; EGraham, CQR 113, ’32, 226) and has come down from heaven J 3:13b, 31; 6:38, 42, 50 (Ar. 15, 1 ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ καταβάς; Mel., P. 66, 467 ἀφικόμενος ἐξ οὐρανῶν), as ὁ ἄρτος ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ (s. ἄρτος 2). Cp. Ro 10:6. He returned to heaven (τὴν ἔνσαρκον εἰς τοὺς οὐρανοὺ ἀνάληψιν Iren. 1, 10, 1 [Harv. I 91, 2]; on the ascension s. CHönn, Studien zur Geschichte der Hf. im klass. Altertum: Progr. Mannheim 1910; EPfister, Der Reliquienkult im Altertum II 1912, 480ff; HDiels, Himmels u. Höllenfahrten v. Homer bis Dante: NJklA 49, 1922, 239–53; RHolland, Zur Typik der Himmelfahrt: ARW 23, 1925, 207–20; JKroll, Gott u. Hölle ’32, 533 [ind.: Ascensus]; WMichaelis, Zur Überl. der Hf.s-geschichte: ThBl 4, 1925, 101–9; AFridrichsen, D. Hf. bei Lk: ibid. 6, 1927, 337–41; GBertram, Die Hf. Jesu vom Kreuz: Deissmann Festschr. 1927, 187–217 [UHolzmeister, ZKT 55, ’31, 44–82]; HSchlier, Christus u. d. Kirche im Eph 1930, 1ff; VLarrañaga, L’Ascension de Notre-Seigneur dans le NT ’38 [fr. Spanish]. S. also at ἀνάστασις 2 end, and διά A 2a) to live there in glory: Mk 16:19; Lk 24:51; Ac 1:10f (AZwiep, The Ascension of the Messiah in Lukan Christology ’97); 2:34; 7:55f; 9:3; 22:6; 1 Pt 3:22; 15:9. Christians await his return fr. heaven: Ac 1:11; Phil 3:20; 1 Th 1:10; 4:16; 2 Th 1:7 (Just., A I, 51, 8 al.).—When Messianic woes have come to an end, τότε φανήσεται τὸ σημεῖον τοῦ υἱοῦ τ. ἀνθρώπου ἐν οὐρανῷ then the sign of the Human One (who is) in heaven will appear; acc. to the context, the sign consists in this, that he appears visibly in heavenly glory Mt 24:30.—Lampe s.v. 10b.

ⓒ as the abode of angels (Gen 21:17; 22:11; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 8, 12; TestAbr A 4 p. 80, 34 [Stone p. 8]; ParJer 3:2; ApcMos 38; Just., D. 57, 2) Mt 18:10a; 22:30; 24:36; 28:2; Mk 12:25; 13:32; Lk 2:15; 22:43; J 1:51; Gal 1:8; Rv 10:1; 18:1; 19:14; 20:1. Cp. Eph 3:15.—Lampe s.v. 7.

ⓓ Christians who have died also dwell in heaven (cp. Dio Chrys. 23 [40], 35 οὐρανοῦ καὶ τῶν ἐν αὐτῷ θείων κ. μακαρίων αἰώνιον τάξιν; Libanius, Or. 21 p. 459, 9 F. πόρρω τοῦ τὸν οὐρανὸν οἰκοῦντος χοροῦ; Oenomaus in Eus., PE 5, 33, 5; 12; Artem. 2, 68 p. 160, 25 τὰς ψυχὰς ἀπαλλαγείσας τῶν σωμάτων εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀνιέναι τάχει χρωμένας ὑπερβάλλοντι; Himerius, Or. 8 [=23], 23: the daemon of the dead holds the σῶμα of the dead person, τὴν ψυχὴν ὁ οὐρανός; Quintus Smyrn. 7, 88; TestAbr A 20 p. 103, 26 [Stone p. 54]; TestJob 39:13; ApcEsdr 7:3). Their life, τὸ ἀληθῶς ἐν οὐρανῷ ζῆν, stands in strong contrast to the ὄντως θάνατος, that leads to the everlasting fire Dg 10:7b. Rhoda, who greets Hermas from heaven Hv 1, 1, 4, need not have died (s. MDibelius, Hdb. ad loc.), and still she shows us that heaven is open to the devout. Furthermore, the true citizenship of Christians is in heaven (Tat. 16, 1 τὴν ἐν οὐρανοῖς πορείαν; s. πολίτευμα) Phil 3:20; cp. Dg 5:9. Their names are enrolled in heaven (s. βίβλος 2) Lk 10:20; Hb 12:23. In heaven there await them their glorified body 2 Cor 5:1f, their reward Mt 5:12; Lk 6:23, their treasure Mt 6:20; Lk 12:33, the things they hoped for Col 1:5, their inheritance 1 Pt 1:4. It is a place of peace Lk 19:38.—ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ the New Jerusalem (s. Ἱεροσόλυμα 2) will come down to earth Rv 3:12; 21:2, 10.

ⓔ The concept of a heaven in which God, attendant spirits of God, and the righteous dead abide, makes it easy to understand the taking over of certain OT expressions in which heaven is personified εὐφραίνεσθε οἱ οὐρανοί (cp. Is 44:23; 49:13; Mel., P. 98, 747) Rv 12:12; cp. 18:20; 9:3 (Is 1:2); 11:2 (Jer 2:12); 1 Cl 27:7 (Ps 18:2).

③ an indirect reference to God, God fig. ext. of 2 (s. βασιλεία 1b.—A common Hebrew practice, but not unknown among polytheists: Philippides Com. [IV/III B.C.] 27 νὴ τὸν οὐρανόν. Acc. to Clem. Al., Protr. 5, 66, 4 Θεόφραστος πῇ μὲν οὐρανὸν, πῇ δὲ πνεῦμα τὸν θεὸν ὑπονοεῖ=Theophrastus at one time thinks of God as heaven and at another time as spirit; Appian, Hann. 56 §233 σημεῖα ἐκ Διός [ln. 14 Viereck-R.]=ἐξ οὐρανοῦ [ln. 16]; JosAs 19:2; SEG XXVIII, 1251, 3 [III/IV A.D.; s. New Docs 3, 49f]). ἁμαρτάνειν εἰς τὸν οὐρ. sin against God Lk 15:18, 21. ἐξ οὐρανοῦ ἢ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων Mt 21:25; Mk 11:30f; Lk 20:4f. βασιλεία τῶν οὐρ. (GrBar 11:2) in Mt=βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ 3:2; 4:17; 5:3, 10, 19f; 7:21; 8:11; 10:7; 11:11f; 13:11, 24, 31, 33, 44f, 47, 52; 16:19; 18:1, 3f, 23; 19:12, 14, 23; 20:1; 22:2; 23:13; 25:1: J 3:5 v.l.; AcPl Ha 8, 31 (restored)=BMM verso 3.—B. 53; 1484. DELG. M-M. DLNT 439–43. EDNT. TW. Sv.

φωνή, ῆς, ἡ (s. prec. entry; Hom.+).

① an auditory effect, sound, tone, noise the source of which is added in the gen.: of musical instruments (Pla., Rep. 3, 397a ὀργάνων; Eur., Tro. 127 συρίγγων; Plut., Mor. 713c ψαλτηρίου καὶ αὐλοῦ; Aristoxenus, Fgm. 6; Paus. Attic. α, 169; Ex 19:16, Is 18:3 and PsSol 8:1 σάλπιγγος; cp. ParJer 3:2; Is 24:8 κιθάρας; Aristobul. in Eus., PE 8, 10, 13=p. 144, 94f Holladay) σάλπιγγος Mt 24:31 v.l.; D 16:6. φωναὶ τῆς σάλπιγγος blasts of the trumpet Rv 8:13b; or of those who play them κιθαρῳδῶν 14:2d; 18:22a; cp. 10:7. Of the noise made by a millstone 18:22b. Of a shout produced by a crowd of people φωνὴ ὄχλου πολλοῦ 19:1, 6a (cp. Da 10:6 Theod.; also λαοῦ πολλοῦ PsSol 8:2). Of the sound caused by spoken words (Da 10:9; Just., D. 131, 2 μηδὲ μέχρι φωνῆς) ἡ φωνὴ τοῦ ἀσπασμοῦ σου Lk 1:44. φωνὴ ῥημάτων sound of words Hb 12:19. Cp. 1 Cl 27:7 (Ps 18:4). ἔσομαι φωνή I will be just a meaningless sound (in contrast to Ignatius functioning as a λόγος θεοῦ [=meaningful expression of God] if his adherents abstain from pleas in his behalf) IRo 2:1 (s. ἠχώ). Abs. of the sound made by a wail of sorrow (cp. TestJob 40:9; TestIss 1:4) Mt 2:18 (Jer 38:15). μεγάλη φωνὴ ἐγένετο ἐν τ. οὐρανῷ GPt 9:35.—Of musical instruments it is said that they φωνὴν διδόναι produce sound (in ref. to mere sonant capability in contrast to distinguishable notes) 1 Cor 14:7f.—In Rv we have ἀστραπαὶ καὶ φωναὶ καὶ βρονταί (cp. Ex 19:16) 4:5; 8:5; 11:19; 16:18 (are certain other sounds in nature thought of here in addition to thunder, as e.g. the roar of the storm? In Ex 19:16 φωναὶ κ. ἀστραπαί are surely thunder and lightning. But in Ex 9:23, 28; 1 Km 12:18 the mng. of φωναί remains unclear. Cp. also Esth 1:1d φωναί, βρονταί).—Freq. in imagery: of wind sound J 3:8; cp. Ac 2:6. Of thunderclap (1 Km 7:10; GrBar 6:13) Rv 6:1; 14:2c; 19:6c. Of roar of water (Ezk 1:24b) 1:15b; 14:2b; 19:6b. Of whirring of wings (Ezk 1:24a) 9:9a. Of the clatter of chariots 9:9 b (cp. Ezk 3:13; 26:10).

② the faculty of utterance, voice (Tat. 15:3 προύχει τῶν θηρίων ὁ ἄνθρωπος κατὰ τὴν ἔναρθον φωνήν=humankind excels beasts in articulate utterance)

ⓐ gener. of sonant aspect: any form of speech or other utterance w. the voice can take place μετὰ φωνῆς μεγάλης Lk 17:15; ἐν φωνῇ μεγάλῃ Rv 5:2; 14:7, 9; mostly φωνῇ μεγάλῃ (TestAbr A 5 p. 82, 20f [Stone p. 12]; ParJer 2:2; Achilles Tat. 8, 1, 1; SibOr 3, 669; 5, 63) Mt 27:46, 50; Mk 1:26; 5:7; 15:34; Lk 1:42 v.l. (s. κραυγή 1b); 4:33; 8:28; 19:37; J 11:43; Ac 7:57, 60; 8:7; Rv 6:10; 7:2, 10 al.; IPhld 7:1a. μεγάλῃ τῇ φωνῃ (Diod S 1, 70, 5; 8, 23, 3; Lucian, Hist. Conscr. 1, Tim. 9; ParJer 9:8; Jos., Bell. 6, 188) Ac 14:10 v.l. 26:24; ἐν ἰσχυρᾷ φωνῇ Rv 18:2. ἐν φωνῇ μιᾷ IEph 4:2; μιᾷ φ. (Pla., Laws 1, 634e; Diod S 11, 9, 3; 11, 26, 6; 19, 81, 2; Ael. Aristid. 24, 4 K.=44 p. 825 D.; Lucian, Nigr. 14) ApcPt 5:19.—αἴρειν φωνήν (αἴρω 1b) Lk 17:13; πρός τινα Ac 4:24. ἐπαίρειν φωνήν (ParJer 9:14; s. ἐπαίρω 1) Lk 11:27; Ac 2:14; 14:11; 22:22; AcPl Ha 6, 33. ἀκούειν τῆς φωνῆς τινος hear someone speaking or calling (TestAbr B 3 p. 107, 10 [Stone p. 62]; TestJob 42:3; TestJos 9:4; ParJer 3:10) J 5:25, 28; 10:3; Hb 3:7, 15; 4:7 (the last three Ps 94:7); w. a neg. and acc. (φωνήν) Mt 12:19 (cp. Is 42:2); J 5:37. The same expr.=listen to someone’s speech or call, follow someone (Gen 3:17) 10:16, 27; 18:37; Rv 3:20; B 8:7; cp. 9:2 (s. Ex 15:26).—(ἡ) φωνὴ (τοῦ) νυμφίου (cp. Jer 25:10) J 3:29 (cp. Arrian, Cyneg. 17, 1 the dogs χαίρουσιν τὴν φωνὴν τοῦ δεσπότου γνωρίζουσαι); Rv 18:23.

ⓑ voice as it varies from individual to individual or fr. one mood to another (X., An. 2, 6, 9; Gen 27:22; Tat. 5:2) ἐπιγνοῦσα τὴν φωνὴν τοῦ Πέτρου Ac 12:14. Cp. J 10:4f (s. Ael. Aristid. 46 p. 320, horses). ἤθελον ἀλλάξαι τὴν φωνήν μου Gal 4:20 (ἀλλάσσω 1; φωνή=tone: Diod. S 8, 5, 4 πᾶσαν φωνήν=every variation in tone; Artem. 4, 56 p. 235, 15).

ⓒ that which the voice gives expression to: call, cry, outcry, loud or solemn declaration (Sb 7251, 21 [III/IV A.D.]=order, command) ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἀφεὶς φωνὴν μεγάλην Mk 15:37. φωνὴ ἐγένετο μία a single outcry arose Ac 19:34 (cp. Jos., Vi. 133). Cp. 22:14; 24:21. Pl. (Ael. Aristid. 52, 3 K.=28 p. 551 D.: ἦσαν φωναί; Jos., Vi. 231, Ant. 15, 52) φωναὶ μεγάλαι loud cries Lk 23:23a; cp. 23b. ἐλάλησαν αἱ βρονταὶ τὰς ἑαυτῶν φωνάς the thunders sounded forth their crashing peals Rv 10:3b. θεοῦ φωνὴ (D φωναί) καὶ οὐκ ἀνθρώπου (this is) the utterance of a god and not of a mere mortal Ac 12:22 (Just., D. 119, 6 τῇ φωνῇ τοῦ θεοῦ; cp. 21, 1 αἱ φωναὶ αὐτοῦ; Plut., Mor. 567f: a divine φωνή sounds forth fr. a φῶς μέγα that appears suddenly; Ael. Aristid. 45 p. 11 D.: Πυθίας φωνή; Epict. 3, 23, 20 ἰδοὺ φωναὶ φιλοσόφου; 3, 22, 50; Biogr. p. 454 people received sayings of Hippocr. ὡς θεοῦ φωνὰς κ. οὐκ ἀνθρωπίνου προελθούσας ἐκ στόματος). φωνὴ ἐνεχθεῖσα αὐτῷ a declaration (was) borne to him 2 Pt 1:17; cp. vs. 18. Also of sayings in scripture αἱ φωναὶ τῶν προφητῶν Ac 13:27 (Ath. 9, 1; cp. Diod S 19, 1, 4 ἡ Σόλωνος φωνή; 20, 30, 2 τῆς τοῦ μάντεως [=τοῦ δαιμονίου] φωνῆς; Diog. L. 8, 14 sayings of Pythagoras). Of apostolic tradition τὰ παρὰ ζώσης φωνῆς καὶ μενούσης Papias (2:4) (s. ζάω, end; on Papias’ ‘living voice’ s. ABaum, NTS 44, ’98, 144–51).

ⓓ In accordance w. OT and Jewish usage gener. (s. Bousset, Rel.³ 315. The Socratic δαιμόνιον [=ὁ θεός Ep. 1, 7] is called ἡ φωνή: Socrat., Ep. 1, 9 [p. 222, 34 Malherbe] τὸ δαιμόνιόν μοι, ἡ φωνή, γέγονεν, cp. Pla., Apol. 31d) ‘the voice’ oft. speaks, though the (heavenly) speaker neither appears nor is mentioned (cp. PGM 3, 119 ἐξορκίζω σε κατὰ τῆς ἑβραικῆς φωνῆς.—In most cases the divine voice is differentiated fr. the divinity: Theopompus [IV B.C.]: 115 Fgm. 69 Jac. [in Diog. L. 1, 115] when Epimenides wishes to build τὸ τῶν Νυμφῶν ἱερόν: ῥαγῆναι φωνὴν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ ‘Ἐπιμενίδη, μὴ Νυμφῶν, ἀλλὰ Διός’=[when E. was building] a shrine for the Nymphs: a voice cried out from heaven, “Epimenides! Not for the Nymphs, but for Zeus!”; Plut., Mor. 355e; 775b; Oenomaus in Eus., PE 5, 28, 2 Lycurgus receives the laws ὑπὸ τῆς θεοῦ φωνῆς in Delphi; Artapanus; 726 Fgm. 3, 21 Jac. [in Eus., PE 9, 27, 21]; Jos., Ant. 1, 185 φ. θεία παρῆν; 3, 90 φ. ὑψόθεν; cp. 2, 267) ἰδοὺ φωνὴ ἐκ τῶν οὐρανῶν λέγουσα (on the voice fr. heaven s. the lit. s.v. βαπτίζω 2a; also JKosnetter, D. Taufe Jesu ’36, esp. 140–90, and FDölger, Ac V/3, ’36, 218–23) Mt 3:17; cp. 17:5. ἦλθεν φ. (ἐκ) Mk 9:7 v.l.; J 12:28; 30 v.l. (TestAbr A 10 p. 88, 15 [Stone p. 24] al.; cp. Ps. Callisth, 1, 45, 2f ἦλθεν φωνὴ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀδύτου the divine saying follows in direct discourse). ἐξῆλθεν φ. Rv 16:17 (ἐκ); 19:5 (ἀπό τοῦ θρόνου). γίνεται (ἐγένετο) φ. (ἐκ: Plut., Agis et Cleom. 807 [28, 3]: φωνὴν ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ γενέσθαι φράζουσαν; Ael. Aristid. 40, 22 K.=5 p. 62 D.: φωνῆς θείας γενομένης … ἐκ τοῦ μητρῴου [=temple of the Mother of the Gods]) Mk 1:11; 9:7; Lk 3:22; 9:35f; J 12:30 (v.l. ἦλθεν; s. above); Ac 10:13, 15 (both πρὸς αὐτόν); MPol 9:1a; GEb 18, 37 (verb of origin understood), cp. ibid. ln. 38; ἐγένετο φ. κυρίου Ac 7:31 (cp. Jos., Vi. 259 ἐγένοντο φωναί). ἀπεκρίθη φ. ἐκ τ. οὐρανοῦ 11:9; ἦχος φωνῆς μοι ἀπεκρίθη Hv 4, 1, 4. ἀκούειν φωνήν hear a voice (also w. such additions as λέγουσαν, ἐκ w. gen. of place, μεγάλην, gen. of the speaker) Ac 9:4; 22:9; 26:14; Rv 6:6f; 9:13; 10:4, 8; 12:10; 14:2; 18:4; MPol 9:1b; EpilMosq 4; φωνῆς w. the same mng. (w. corresp. additions) Ac 9:7; 11:7; 22:7 (MMeyer, The Light and Voice on the Damascus Road: Forum 2, ’86, 27–35 [Nag Hammadi pp. 30–32]); Rv 11:12; 14:13; 16:1; 21:3; GPt 10:41. Paul speaks διὰ φωνῆς πνεύματος ἁγίου AcPl Ha 11, 5.

ⓔ special cases: ἐπέστρεψα βλέπειν τὴν φωνὴν ἥτις ἐλάλει μετʼ ἐμοῦ I turned around to see (to whom) the voice that was speaking to me (belonged) Rv 1, 12 (cp. X., Hell. 5, 1, 22 σκεψόμενοι τίς ἡ κραυγή; Aesop 248b H.=141 P.=146 H-H. ἐπεστράφη πρὸς τὴν φ.). φ. βοῶντος ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ (it is) the voice of one calling out in the wilderness (Is 40:3; cp. En 9:2; Jos., Bell. 6, 301) Mt 3:3; Mk 1:3; Lk 3:4. Referring to Is 40:3, John the Baptist applies its words to himself J 1:23 the voice of one calling out in the wilderness (Ael. Aristid. 49, 5 K.=25 p. 489 D.: φ. λέγοντός του ‘τεθεράπευσαι’; Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 1 p. 364a φωνὴ βοῶντός του).—B 9:3.

③ a verbal code shared by a community to express ideas and feelings, language (Aeschyl., Hdt. et al.; Cebes 33, 6; Aelian, VH 12, 48; Herodian 5, 3, 4; Diog. L. 8, 3; SEG VIII, 548, 17 [I B.C.]; PLond I, 77, 13 p. 232 [Christ. VIII A.D.]; PGM 12, 188 πᾶσα γλῶσσα κ. πᾶσα φωνή; Gen 11:1; Dt 28:49; 2 Macc 7:8, 21, 27; 4 Macc 12:7; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 1; 50; 73 al.; Just., A I, 31, 1; Tat. 37, 1; Mel., P. 29, 199) 1 Cor 14:10f; 2 Pt 2:16 (an animal w. ἀνθρώπου φ. as Appian, Bell. Civ. 4:4 §14 βοῦς φωνὴν ἀφῆκεν ἀνθρώπου; schol. on Appolon. Rhod. 2, 1146 ὁ κριὸς ἀνθρωπίνῃ χρησάμενος φωνῇ; sim. TestAbr A 3 p. 79, 19 [Stone p. 6]; sim. TestAbr B 3 p. 107, 10 [St. p. 62] a tree; ParJer 7:2 an eagle; Philo, Op. M. 156); Dg 5:1. ὁ λέων εἶπεν μιᾷ φωνῇ AcPlHa 5, 4 (on the probability that μια was misread for θεια s. the editor’s note, p. 41, 4).—B. 1248; 1260. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

1. adj high

persona tall

a voce alta in a loud voice

leggere aloud

in alto at the top

moto up

a notte alta in the middle of the night

2. m top

* * *

alto agg.

1 high; ( di statura) tall; ( di spessore) thick: quella torre è molto alta, that tower is very high; il monte è alto 2114 metri, the mountain is 2114 metres high; il ragazzo è alto per la sua età, the boy is tall for his age; una bistecca bella alta, a really thick steak // il sole era alto sull'orizzonte, the sun was high above the horizon // andare a testa alta, to hold one's head high // tenere alto il morale, to keep one's morale high

2 ( profondo) deep: qui l'acqua è alta, the water is deep here

3 ( di tessuto) wide: questa stoffa è alta 140 cm, this material is 140 cm wide

4 ( di suono) ( acuto) high, shrill; ( forte) loud: parlare a voce alta, to speak in a loud voice (o loudly)

5 ( elevato) high: il prezzo mi sembra molto alto, the price seems very high to me // (econ.): alto costo, expensiveness; alta congiuntura, boom // (med.) pressione alta, high pressure

6 (fig.) ( nobile, sublime) high, excellent; noble; un gesto di alta generosità, a very generous gesture; un uomo di alti sentimenti, a man of noble character; avere un'alta opinione di qlcu., to have a high (o excellent) opinion of s.o. // tenere alto il proprio nome, la propria reputazione, to keep one's (good) reputation

7 (fig.) ( di classe, di importanza) high; ( di grado) high-ranking, top: l'alta società, high society; l'alta finanza, high finance; l'alta matematica, higher mathematics; le classi alte, upper classes; un alto funzionario, a high-ranking (o top) official; l'alta direzione, top management; alti studi, advanced studies // l'alta stagione, the high season // alto tradimento, high treason

8 (geogr.) northern, upper: Alta Italia, Northern Italy; Alta Lombardia, Upper Lombardy

9 (st.) early: alto Medioevo, early Middle Ages

10 ( di tempo) late: la Pasqua è alta quest'anno, Easter is late this year // a giorno alto, a notte alta, late in the day, in the night

◆ s.m.

1 height, top // gli alti e bassi della vita, the ups and downs of life (o the vicissitudes of life) // un ordine venuto dall'alto, an order from the top // far cadere una cosa dall'alto, to do (o to give) sthg. condescendingly // guardare qlcu. dall'alto in basso, to look down on s.o.

2 ( cielo) heaven: un'ispirazione venuta dall' alto, an inspiration from heaven above.

alto avv.

1 high; above, up; volare alto, to fly high; mirare alto, to aim high // mani in alto!, hands up!

2 ( ad alta voce) aloud, loudly: proclamare alto che..., to proclaim loudly that...

3 (letter.) ( nobilmente) nobly.

* * *

1. agg

1) (gen) high, tall

2) (suono: elevato) high(-pitched), (forte) loud

3) (fig : elevato: carica, dignitario) high, (sentimenti, pensieri) lofty, noble

4) (profondo: acqua) deep

5) Geog

6) (largo: tessuto) wide

2. sm

(parte superiore) top (part)

3. avv

(volare) high

- alta definizione

- alta fedeltà

- alta moda

- alta pressione

- alta società

- alta stagione

- alta velocità

- alto comando

- alto commissario

- l'Alto Medioevo

* * *

1) (di altezza considerevole) [montagna, muro, tacco] high; [albero, monumento, edificio, erba] tall; [ neve] deep; (profondo) [ acqua] deep; (spesso) [ strato] thick

2) (di statura elevata) [ persona] tall

3) (in posizione elevata)

4) (in una scala di valori) [temperatura, pressione, densità, voto, prezzo, reddito] high

5) (forte) [voce, suono] loud

6) mus. (acuto) [nota, tonalità] high(-pitched)

7) (in una gerarchia)

8) (nel tempo)

9) (nobile) [ principio] high, noble

10) geogr. upper

sostantivo maschile

1) (parte superiore) top

2) in alto

3) dall'alto from above, from the top, from on high

avverbio [volare, saltare] high

••

* * *

alto

/'alto/

I aggettivo

 1 (di altezza considerevole) [montagna, muro, tacco] high; [albero, monumento, edificio, erba] tall; [ neve] deep; (profondo) [ acqua] deep; (spesso) [ strato] thick; un muro alto 5 metri a five-metre high wall

 2 (di statura elevata) [ persona] tall; quanto sei alto? how tall are you? what's your height? sono alto un metro e sessanta I'm one metre sixty (tall)

 3 (in posizione elevata) la parte -a di the top part of [edificio, muro]; lo scaffale più alto the top shelf; la città -a the upper town; il sole è alto sull'orizzonte the sun is high above the horizon

 4 (in una scala di valori) [temperatura, pressione, densità, voto, prezzo, reddito] high; avere un'-a opinione di qcn. to have a high opinion of sb.

 5 (forte) [voce, suono] loud; a voce -a [leggere, pensare] aloud, in a loud voice; [ parlare] loudly

 6 mus. (acuto) [nota, tonalità] high(-pitched)

 7 (in una gerarchia) di alto rango of high rank, high-ranking; il ceto alto the upper class(es)

 8 (nel tempo) l'alto Medioevo the early Middle Ages

 9 (nobile) [ principio] high, noble

 10 geogr. upper; l'Alta Italia Northern Italy; Alto Egitto Upper Egypt

II sostantivo maschile

 1 (parte superiore) top; "alto" (sugli imballaggi) "this side up"

 2 in alto guardare in alto to look up; nell'angolo in alto a sinistra in the top left-hand corner; mirare troppo in alto to aim too high (anche fig.)

 3 dall'alto from above, from the top, from on high

III avverbio

 [volare, saltare] high

IDIOMS

guardare qcn. dall'alto in basso to eye sb. up and down, to look down on sb. o down one's nose at sb.; - i e bassi ups and downs; avere degli -i e bassi to have one's ups and downs; econ. to have peaks and troughs; mani in alto! hands up! andare a testa -a to walk tall o with one's head held high

\

COMPOUNDS

alto dirigente top o senior manager; alto funzionario high-ranking official, senior officer; alto mare high o open sea; alto tradimento high treason; - a definizione telev. high definition; - a fedeltà high-fidelity; - a finanza high finance; - a marea high tide o water; - a moda haute couture, high fashion; - a pressione meteor. high pressure; - a società high society; - a stagione peak o high season; - a tensione el. high tension o voltage; - a uniforme dress uniform, formal o full dress; - a velocità ferr. high speed.